High-capacity coherent lightwave systems

Recent theoretical work on coherent optical detection systems is reviewed and experimental results in high-speed coherent transmission are summarized. The theoretical advantages and limitations of the various modulation and detection formats are discussed and experimental progress towards the implementation of these systems is reviewed. The most significant obstacles to the attainment of quantum-noise limited detection at higher speeds are seen to be the requirement of uniform frequency response from electronic components and the local oscillator laser power requirement, which increases as the square of the bit rate. To make full use of the single-mode fiber bandwidth, frequency-division multiplexing of many moderate-rate channels is a very promising technique for local systems. For long-distance applications, frequency multiplexing is still possible but is limited by the need for optical amplifiers or wavelength-selective multiplexers