高速动车组减振器载荷特征研究

减振器的主要功能是提供阻尼力以衰减和抑制车辆系统振动，对高速动车组动力性能有十分重要的影响。既有研究主要将减振器处理为阻尼力以研究车辆系统动力性能，极少从动力学和结构可靠性角度关注减振器自身承受的载荷。制作某型高速动车组转向架抗蛇行减振器、轴箱减振器、二系横向和垂向减振器测力元件，在大同-西安高速线路上测试并获得该型动车组运行过程中四种减振器载荷引起的应变信号。对测试数据进行处理和分析，获得高速动车组运行工况下四种减振器载荷的时间历程，分析减振器载荷的时域和频域特征。采用雨流计数法统计减振器载荷峰谷值和频次，获得不同速度等级下载荷分布。结果表明，高速动车组抗蛇行减振器载荷最大、二系横向减振器载荷最小。轴箱减振器相对速度最大、二系横向减振器相对速度最小。减振器载荷总体上呈正态分布，而且一般有列车运行速度越高减振器载荷越大。列车正线行驶时曲线半径对轴箱减振器、二系垂向减振器以及二系横向减振器载荷影响不明显，列车速度和线路小半径曲线对抗蛇行减振器载荷影响明显。

Study on the Loads Characteristics of the Dampers of the High Speed EMU

The function of the dampers is to produce the damping forces to suppress the vibrations of the railway vehicle. Therefore,the dampers have great effect on the high speed vehicle system dynamics. Lots of presented studies dealt the dampers as damping force element to study the dynamics of the vehicles. However, the dynamic characteristics of the loads of the dampers are little investigated from the view of vehicle system dynamics and structural reliability. In order to obtain the load characteristics of the dampers of the high speed electric multi-unit(EMU), four kinds of dampers are manufactured to measure the forces of the yaw damper,axlebox damper, lateral damper and vertical damper of the secondary suspension. The forces are measured with field experiment at Datong-Xian high speed delicate line. After dealt with the sampled data, the forces of the four kinds of dampers are obtained. The dynamic characteristics of the damping forces are analyzed in time domain and frequency domain. Rain flow count method are introduced to implement the loads count. The load distributions are presented with different operation speed of the train. The results show that, among the four types of damper forces of this type of EMU, the peak load of the yaw damper is the largest and the peak load of the lateral damper of the secondary suspension is the smallest. The velocity of the axlebox damper is the largest and the velocity of the lateral damper of the secondary suspension is the smallest. The operation speed of the train has great influence on the damping loads. The forces of the dampers distribute in a nearly normal fashion. The effect of the curve radius of the track on the main section on the loads of the axle damper, secondary vertical and lateral suspension damper is negligible. Operation speed and tough curve have effects on the loads of the yaw dampers.