沥青砂开采方法综述

沥青砂资源开采可分为就地和地表开采2类.就地开采中常使用热采、冷采和化学剂法,其中热采法细分为蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱和火烧油层等方法;地表开采中涉及到热碱水抽提、热碱水结合表面活性剂抽提、有机溶剂抽提和焦化法.将热采法与化学剂驱油方法相结合可以提高采油速度和采收率,是比较有前途的采油方法.热碱水提取法是地表开采中应用最广泛的方法,但它造成的环境污染比较严重;结合表面活性剂使用该方法可以提高沥青回收率,降低生产成本,减轻环境污染.

Overview on exploitation technology of oil sands

The exploitation technology of tar sands can be classified into two types, e.g., in situ approach and surface mining. Thermal recovery, cold production and chemicals are often used as in situ approaches. The thermal recovery falls into steam stimulation, steam flood, in situ combustion, etc. Four methods, namely hot caustic water extraction process, hot caustic water combined with surfactant, solvent extraction process and coking process, are included in the surface mining. Combined thermal recovery and chemical process can increase oil recovery rate and recovery factor. In the surface mining, the hot caustic water extraction process is most widely used, but at the same time it causes heavy environment pollution. So it is usually used in conjunction with surfactant, to raise recover factor, reduce production cost and environment pollution.