二氧化硅气凝胶复合隔热材料研究进展

二氧化硅气凝胶具有高孔隙率、低热导率等特点，使其成为新型超级隔热材料。然而，二氧化硅气凝胶的柔韧性、整体性差，并且常温干燥制备的气凝胶在高温时热导率迅速上升，这些都大大限制了二氧化硅气凝胶的应用。近些年，通过原位溶胶-凝胶法和模压成型法制备得到的二氧化硅气凝胶复合隔热材料，在一定程度上提高了其韧性、整体性和高温隔热性能，使得二氧化硅气凝胶作为单独块体隔热材料成为可能。本文阐述了二氧化硅气凝胶隔热材料的隔热机理，综述了近年来抗辐射型、纤维增强型和聚合物增强型二氧化硅气凝胶复合隔热材料的研究现状，最后讨论了该领域今后研究趋势。

Research progress of silica aerogel composites for thermal insulation

The silica aerogel has the characteristics of high porosity and low thermal conductivity，which make it a new super thermal insulation material.However，because of its poor flexibility and integrity，and the rapidly increase of thermal conduc- tivity at high temperature when the aerogel is prepared through ambient pressure drying，the applications of silica aerogel are limited. Recently，silica aerogel composites with enhanced flexibility，integrity，and high temperature heat insulation property were prepared by in-situ sol-gel process and molding method.This make it is possible to using those silica aerogel composites as thermal insulating materials.The thermal insulation principles and properties of silica aerogel were illustrated，the research progresses of high temperature radioprotective type silica aerogel composites，fiber-reinforced silica aerogel composites，and polymer-reinforced silica aerogel composites in recent years were reviewed.At last，the future prospect of the silica aerogel composites was also discussed.