细粒级金属尾砂的综合利用及在矿山充填中存在的问题和对策

基于细粒级尾砂应用现状，结合细粒级尾砂筑坝堆存安全隐患大的问题和国家“十四五”规划的长期目标，探讨了尾砂综合利用及矿山充填中存在的问题和对策。针对细粒级尾砂在建筑材料中利用率低的问题，阐述了将尾砂应用于生态胶凝材料、水泥基材料以及混凝土掺合料的方法；针对细粒级尾砂浓密后底流浓度低，制备充填材料工作性和力学性能差的问题，提出了改善动态浓密的浓密增效剂，改善泌水的固水材料，改善力学性能的晶核材料以及研究了减水剂与微珠对输送性能的改善效果，并阐述了作用机理；探讨了金属尾矿研究中的不足与今后综合利用的对策。分析结果为细粒级金属尾砂的综合利用及解决矿山充填中存在的问题提供了技术和理论支撑。

Comprehensive Utilization of Ultra-fine Metal Tailings and Its Problems and Countermeasures in the Application of Backfill Materials

Based on the present situation of the application of fine grained tailings,combined with the big hidden danger of dam construction and storage of fine-grained tailings and the long-term goal of the 14th Five-year Plan,the comprehensive utilization of ultra-fine metal tailings and its problems and countermeasures in the application of backfill materials are discussed.In view of the low utilization rate of fine tailings in building materials,this paper expounds the methods of applying tailings to ecological cementitious materials,cement based materials and concrete admixtures.In view of the problems of low thickening concentration of the fine-grained tailings,poor workability and mechanical of backfilling materials,the dense synergist,anti-bleeding material and crystal nuclear material are put forward,and the improvement effect of water reducing agent and microbeads on transport performance was studied.Meanwhile,their action mechanism is expounded.The deficiency in the research of metal tailings and the countermeasures of comprehensive utilization in the future are discussed.It provides technical and theoretical support for comprehensive utilization of fine-grained metal tailings and solving the problems existing in mine backfilling.