社会分层视角下广州职住空间失配的趋势演化

区别于一般意义上的职住总量平衡,在城市多中心体系发育不完善的背景下,结构性的居住—就业组合问题更为隐蔽,其负面影响也更为广泛而深刻。基于社会分层视角,整合居住人口、企业从业人口的空间数据,开展广州城市职住人口分布、不同职业群体的交通特征及社会隔离、职住均衡度等多维分析。研究发现,广州职、住人口均集中于城市主城区和外围各中心地段;中心地段既是峰值人口密度分布地,也是多元融合区域,但以行业累计的职住失配程度也相对较大,呈现由内向外递减的趋势;相对于较低职业阶层人口,较高职业层级的人口主要集聚于市中心;城市空间结构具有城市主城区就业比重高而外围居住比重高的特点,由此进一步提炼广州职住匹配演化的社会分层空间模式。城市职住匹配的关键在于完善外围次级中心的就业吸纳能力和设施服务能力,一方面满足市民对于便捷交通、职住均衡的诉求,另一方面推动城市多中心培育,从空间维度完善城市功能组合关系。

EVOLUTION OF JOBS-HOUSING SPATIAL MISMATCH IN GUANGZHOU FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION

In the context that the multi-center urban system is not well developed, different from the total jobs-housing balance in the general sense, the structural jobs-housing issues are more subtle and the corresponding negative impacts are more extensive and profound. From the perspective of social differentiation, integrating the spatial data of resident population and enterprise employment population, this paper analyzes the distribution of living and working populations in Guangzhou, the traffic characteristics and social isolation of different occupational groups, the jobs-housing balance degree, and so on. The research finds that, the living and working populations tend to distribute in the central city as well as the central parts of the peripheral areas in Guangzhou. The central areas have the highest population density and integrate various factors. However, the jobs-housing mismatch degree based on industry accumulation is relatively higher and shows a trend of gradual decrease from inside to outside. Compared with the distribution of the population with a lower occupational status, the distribution of that with a higher occupational status is mainly in the city center. In addition, the urban spatial structure is characterized by a high proportion of employment in the central city and a high proportion of living in the peripheral areas, based on which the paper puts forward the social differentiation spatial mode for the evolution of jobs-housing matching in Guangzhou. The paper points out that the key to jobs-housing matching in cities lies in improving the ability of peripheral secondary centers in providing employment opportunities and service facilities. On the one hand, it should meet the people's needs for convenient transportation and jobs-housing balance; on the other hand, it should promote the multi-center development in cities and improve the combination of urban functions from the spatial dimension.