储氢材料的应用与发展

车用镍氢电池性能优良、安全可靠、技术成熟稳定,是混合动力车(HEV)比较理想的辅助动力。随着混合动力车技术的不断发展,动力电池用储氢合金将迎来一个黄金发展期。此外,随着燃料电池技术的日益成熟与发展,以氢气为燃料的电动汽车也将迅速发展起来,这就要求必须有安全高效的贮氢系统与之相匹配。传统的液态及高压气态贮氢方式由于成本、质量、体积大小以及安全性等因素限制,无法应用于车载贮氢系统。相比之下,金属氢化物作为一种新型的能源材料,具有贮氢密度高、安全高效及环境友好等优点,将成为未来车载燃料电池的氢载体。文章主要对近期Ni/MH电池用储氢合金的种类和发展以及高容量镁基储氢材料方面的研究工作做一些综述分析,以期为未来的研究工作提供参考。

Application and Development of Hydrogen Storage Materials

The vehicle Ni-MH battery is an ideal auxiliary power for hybrid electric vehicle （HEV） as secure and reliable, mature and stable technology, and excellent performance. With the continuous development of hybrid technology, hydrogen storage alloys for power battery will access to a golden development period. Furthermore, with the growing maturity and development of fuel cell technology, hydrogen as fuel of electric vehicle will be also developed rapidly. Therefore, an efficient and safe system of hydrogen storage is needs to establish. The traditional hydrogen storage facilities, such as pressurized gas hydrogen and liquid hydrogen, can not be used in on-board transport applications because of their costs, weight, volume and safety. In contrast, metal hydrides stood as new energy materials have higher hydrogen storage density and are environmentally friendly. Hence metal hydrides storage is a safe and volume-efficient storage carrier for on-board vehicle applications. In the present article the category and development of hydrogen materials as well as the Mg based alloys has been discussed, for offering reference for subsequent studies.