Affiliation: | (1) Civil Engineering and Materials Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, U.S.A. (e-mail;(2) Solid Mechanics Program, Office of Naval Research (ONR 334), Ship Structures and Systems S&T Division, 800 N. Quincy Street (BCT #1), Arlington, Virginia, 22217-566O, U.S.A. (e-mail;(3) Aerospace Engineering Department, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, U.S.A;(4) Department of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106- 7201, U.S.A. (e-mail;(5) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, U.S.A;(6) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, 267 Durand Building, Stanford, California, 94305-4040, U.S.A. (e-mail;(7) Structural Technology Laboratory, Department of Construction Engineering, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1-3, Edificio C1, 08034 Barcelona, Spain (e-mail;(8) LSC-DGC, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;(9) LMT, ENS, Cachan/CNRS/Université P. et M. Curie, 61, Av. du Président Wilson, F-94235 Cachan, France;(10) Institut Universitaire de France, France(e-mail;(11) Dep. Ciencia de Materiales, E.T.S. de Ingenierios de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain (e-mail |