中国海绵城市建设的水问题研究与展望

随着城市化的迅速发展,我国城市内涝、水体黑臭、河湖生态退化等水问题日益突出。这些问题与城市化的水文效应密切相关,主要表现在城市化改变了城市微气候和下垫面条件,导致水文循环发生变化;污染物排放量增多导致水环境恶化;城市建设挤占原有的生态系统导致湿地退化与湖泊萎缩,进一步引起城市内涝等。针对上述水问题,海绵城市应运而生,并已成为我国城市建设中的热点。虽然海绵城市建设在理论和实践方面均取得了长足的进展,但在水文学基础方面仍然存在着许多薄弱环节。针对我国海绵城市建设,在城市化水文效应分析的基础上,提出了海绵城市建设中关于科技创新与应用基础研究的若干对策与建议。

Research and prospects of water problems in construction of sponge cities in China

With the rapid growth of urbanization, water problems such as urban water logging, black and odorous water, river and lake ecological degradation, are becoming more prominent. These problems are closely related to hydrological effects of urbanization, which can be reflected as follows: the changes of the urban microclimate and underlying surfaces as a result of urbanization, and it further leads to the change in the hydrologic cycle; water environment deterioration caused by the increase in the discharge of pollutants; wetland degradation and lake shrinkage resulted from original ecosystem being occupied by the urban constructions, further giving rise to urban water logging. Aiming at solving the above problems, the concept of sponge city is put forward, and it has become the hot spot in the urban construction. Although there are considerable progress being made in the theoretical and practical aspects of the sponge city construction, many weaknesses can still be found in the fundamentals of hydrology. Aiming at the construction of sponge cities, and based on the analysis of hydrological effects, countermeasures and suggestions in terms of scientific innovation and applied fundamental research are put forward.