Physical properties of oleochemical carbonates |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">James?A?KenarEmail author Gerhard?Knothe Robert?O?Dunn III" target="_blank">Thomas?W?RyanIII Andrew?Matheaus |
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Affiliation: | (1) Cereal Products and Food Science Research Unit, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 61604 Peoria, Illinois;(2) Food and Industrial Oil Research Unit, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois;(3) Engine and Vehicle Research Division, Southwest Research Institute, 78238 San Antonio, Texas |
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Abstract: | Carbonates are a class of compounds that have recently found increasing interest in commercial applications owing to their
physical properties and relatively straightforward synthesis. In this work, physical and fuel properties of five straight-chain
C17–39 and three branched C17–33 oleochemical carbonates were investigated. These properties included cetane number (CN), low-temperature properties, (kinematic)
viscosity, lubricity, and surface tension. The carbonates studied had CN ranging from 47 to 107 depending on carbon chain
length and branching. For the same number of carbons, the CN of carbonates were lower than those of FA alkyl esters owing
to interruption of the CH2 chain by the carbonate moiety. Kinematic viscosities at 40°C ranged from 4.9 to 22.6 mm2/s whereas m.p. ranged from +3 to below −50°C depending on the carbonate structure. High-frequency reciprocating rig testing
showed the neat carbonates to have acceptable lubricity that improved as chain length increased. Finally, the carbonate's
ability to influence cold-flow properties in biodiesel (methyl soyate) and lubricity in low-lubricity ultra-low sulfur diesel
were examined. The carbonates studied did not significantly affect cold flow or lubricity properties at concentrations up
to 10,000 ppm (1 wt%). The properties of the carbonates resemble those of fatty alkyl esters with similar trends resulting
from compound structure. |
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Keywords: | Branched carbonates cetane number cloud point dialkyl carbonates Guerbet carbonates linear carbonates oleochemical carbonates lubricity pour point viscosity |
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