Temperature dependence of the electrical parameters of frozen sand at low frequencies

The permittivity of moist sand is measured at frequencies of 120 Hz and 1, 10, and 100 kHz in the temperature range +20 to-150°C. It is found that the loss tangent is close to unity at the critical temperature at which through conduction vanishes. In the case of conduction of frozen sand, it is discovered that the sand demonstrates a permittivity hysteresis if a quasi-static electric field is applied.