Charge storage mechanism of nanostructured anhydrous and hydrous ruthenium-based oxides

The charge storage mechanism of nanostructured anhydrous and hydrous ruthenium-based oxides was evaluated by various electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammety, hydrodynamic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). The effects of various factors, such as particle size, hydrous state, and structure, on the pseudocapacitive property were characterized. The electric double layer capacitance (C_dl), adsorption related charge (C_ad), and the irreversible redox related charge (C_irr) per unit mass and surface area of electrode material has been estimated and the role of structural water within the material either in micropores or interlayer are discussed.