雁栖河流域点源氮磷污染负荷量的计算与分析

在大量野外调查和监测数据的基础上，通过流域污染负荷评估模型分析评价了雁栖河流域内主要污染负荷产生量与人河污染负荷量，建立河道水质模型计算分析了雁栖河流域的水环境容量，以流域水环境容量为约束条件，分别考虑不同污染源控制方案下的流域水环境承载能力与规模。研究结果表明：流域入河污染负荷中，餐饮企业占2％，自然村占12％，鱼场养殖约86％，是流域最主要的污染源。流域污染负荷远远超过了流域水环境容量，流域系统处于超负荷状态，需要通过削减鱼场排污以及提高自然村生活污水处理率的环境治理措施降低污染入河量；对于严重污染河段，需同时采用多种生态修复措施，提高流域的水环境承载力，维持流域社会一经济的可持续发展。

Calculation and analysis of water pollution load in Yanqi River Basin

Based on field investigation and monitoring data, this paper studied the source of water pollution and river pollution load with a water pollution load evaluating model in the Yanqi River Basin. The paper also established a water quality model to analyze water environmental capacity that will be one of the constraint conditions of intensity and scale for water environment carrying capacity under all kinds of con- trol methods of water pollution source. The results show that： the water pollution load of catering trade is 2%, that of natural village is 12%, that of breeding of fish field is 86%, which is the main water pollu- tion source. This basin system is in the overload state since the water pollution load is much greater than water environmental capacity. It is necessary either to decrease water pollution emission in fish field or to increase the rate of wastewater treatment that will reduce the river pollution load. The various ecological res- toration methods should be taken to improve the water environment carrying capacity and maintain the sustainable development of society and economy for the serious pollution reaches of the Yanqi River Basin.