污泥水热处理制备清洁燃料的研究进展

目前，庞大的污泥产生量是困扰工业与市政工程的一个主要问题，对其减量化与能源化利用是污泥处置的关键。其中，水热技术是一种可直接并有效利用污泥等高含水率废弃物的处理手段。本文首先介绍了污泥的特点以及处理现状，然后总结了国内外近年来关于污泥水热处理工艺的发展历程与工业应用情况。此外，着重讨论了水热处理对污泥能源化利用的各项优势，包括：降低NO_x、酸性气体与飞灰等污染物的排放，固定污泥重金属，改善污泥燃料性能，提高污泥脱水性能以及降低其处理成本等。同时，针对不同种类污泥的不同组分在水热处理过程中的反应过程与影响因素进行了详细讨论。最后，对于污泥水热处理能源化利用的发展前景作出展望，指出深入研究污泥与其他废弃物混合水热或焚烧过程中的协同作用是制备高品质燃料的重要途径。

Research on clean solid fuel derived from sludge employing hydrothermal treatment

Recently, the increasing amount of sludge is a challenge for industrial and municipal activities. Minimizing the volume of sludge and recovering energy so far have been the focus of research. This paper introduced the characteristics of sludge and its disposal status, then comprehensively compared the industrial application of hydrothermal treatment at home and abroad. Additionally, the advantages of producing clean solid fuel via hydrothermal treatment were pointed out, including the improvement of dewaterability, the upgrading of fuel characteristics, the stabilization of heavy metals, the lower cost and the reduction of pollutions from NO_x, acid gas and fly ash. Meanwhile, the influence of hydrothermal temperature and time on the reaction pathways and conversion mechanism of different components in sludge were also discussed in detail. Finally, the main research direction of hydrothermal treatment for sludge was put forward. Studying the synergistic effect of sludge and other high moisture waste during hydrothermal process or combustion is considered as an important way to produce great quality fuel.