Homeostatic control of membrane fatty acid composition in the rat after dietary lipid treatment |
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Authors: | R A Gibson E J Mcmurchie J S Charnock G M Kneebone |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Pediatrics, Flinders Medical Center, 5042 Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia;(2) Division of Human Nutrition, Glenthorne Laboratories, CSIRO, Majors Road, 5158 O’Halloran Hill, South Australia, Australia |
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Abstract: | Diets in which both the lipid content and composition (polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio) were varied were fed
to rats for 20 weeks, and the effects on the tissue lipid profiles were determined. The fatty acid profile of the plasma lipids,
and the phospholipid fatty acids of the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of liver, heart, kidney and brain, as well
as erythrocyte membranes were determined. Despite large differences in the level and type of lipid present in the experimental
diets and in the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the plasma lipids in response to the various diets, there was little
effect on the proportion of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids of the various membranes examined. The
major effect of altering the dietary level of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids was on the ratio of the ω6/ω3 series
of unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane lipids. This change occurred in all tissues except the brain, in which only a small
response to altered dietary lipid intake was observed. The ω6/ω3 ratio was elevated upon feeding a diet rich in ω6 polyunsaturated
fatty acids, but decreased when a diet rich in saturated fatty acids was fed. The failure to significantly alter membrane
lipid saturation/unsaturation in the tissues examined would suggest that a homeostatic mechanism is operative in biological
membranes and may act to buffer membranes from the effects of changes in the nature of the dietary lipid intake. |
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