球形炭的制备及其作为锂电池负极材料的应用

以锻前针状焦为原料制备了既能溶于有机溶剂，又能溶于水的两亲性炭材料（ACM）。接着以ACM水溶液为分散相，二甲基硅油为分散介质，采用溶剂挥发法，在不使用任何表面活性剂的条件下可制得ACM微米球。分别考察了ACM溶液浓度、硅油粘度、搅拌速率、硅油温度对ACM微球制备的影响，并得到了制备ACM微球的最优化条件。由于ACM具有热固性，这种微米球可以不经过稳定化处理，直接经炭化、石墨化得到球形度好、粒径分布均匀的炭微球。其中，石墨化后的ACM基炭微球G—AS作为锂离子电池负极材料具有较高的容量（340mAh／g）与首次效率（90％），并表现出优良的倍率放电性能。由于该材料原料来源丰富、价格低廉且制备工艺简单，因此有望成为一种有竞争力的锂电负极材料。

Preparation of Carbonaceous Microspheres and Its Application as High Performance Anode Material for LIBs

Amphiphilic carbonaceous material(ACM),which could be dispersed in alkaline aqueous solutions in nano-scale,is synthesized from green needle coke.Well-controlled ACM-based microspheres are then prepared by solvent evaporation method with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) as the continuous phase.Control and adjustment of the microspheres are achieved by adjusting preparation conditions such as concentration of ACM solution,viscosity of PDMS,stirring speed,and preparation temperature.After further carbonization and graphitization of the microspheres,highly graphitized microspheres(GASs) with diameter around 10 μm are obtained.In electrochemical measurement,the GASs showed initial efficiency up to 90%,discharge capacitance of 340 mAh/g,as well as good rate performance.In conclusion,low cost,simple process and excellent performance make this material a sort of competitive anode materials for LIBs.