Studies on pore blocking mechanism and technical feasibility of a hybrid PAC-MF process for reclamation of irrigation water from biotreated POME |
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| Authors: | Mutiu Kolade Amosa Ma’an Fahmi R Alkhatib Thokozani Majozi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Sustainable Process Engineering, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa;2. Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | An integrated low-cost adsorption (with powdered activated carbon, PAC) and cross-flow membrane filtration (with microfiltration membranes of 0.1 and 0.2 μm pore sizes) process was employed for the treatment of biotreated palm oil mill effluent (POME) to produce irrigation water that is fully benchmarked with water-quality standards. The permeate quality was within the recommended standard for irrigation water, as the concentrations of all critical constituents were well below their recommended values. Sustainability of the process integration was further confirmed with the domination of cake filtration over other blocking mechanisms with higher R2 values at all trans-membrane pressures. Suitable extended usage of permeate was found for toilet/urinal flushing. |
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| Keywords: | Blocking mechanism irrigation water MF membranes reclamation and reuse toilet/urinal flushing |
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