MAX/金属基自润滑复合涂层研究现状与展望*

MAX / 金属基自润滑复合涂层具有优异的力学性能和摩擦学性能，MAX 相的加入拓宽了金属基复合涂层的研究和应用范围。首先分析 MAX / 金属基复合涂层在摩擦磨损过程中自润滑特性是如何起作用的，分别从 MAX 相的本质结构说明自润滑性能的存在，摩擦过程中润滑膜的生成说明提高减摩润滑性能的原因。随后阐述近年常见几种 MAX 相涂层以及 MAX / 金属基复合涂层的制备和特性，包括 Ti₂AlC、Cr₂AlC 涂层、高低温金属基体下的 MAX 复合涂层。最后归纳总结 MAX / 金属基复合涂层常见应用领域和表面防护效果，并对 MAX / 金属基复合涂层目前存在的问题和涂层质量的提升进行展望，为 MAX / 金属基自润滑复合涂层的推广应用提供参考。

Research Status and Outlook of MAX / Metal-based Self-lubricated Composite Coatings

The MAX / metal-based self-lubricate composite coatings have excellent mechanical and tribological properties, and the addition of the MAX phase broadens the research and application scope of the metal-based composite coatings. Firstly, this paper analyzes how the self-lubrication properties of the MAX / metal-based composite coating act during friction wear. The essential structure of the MAX phase illustrates the existence of self-lubrication properties, and the generation of the lubrication film during friction explains the reasons for improving the friction lubrication performance. Subsequently, the preparation and properties of several common MAX phase coatings and MAX / metal matrix composite coatings in recent years are described, including Ti₂AlC, Cr₂AlC coatings, and MAX composite coatings under high and low temperature metal substrates. Finally, the common application fields and surface protection effects of MAX / metal-based composite coatings are summarized, and the current problems of MAX/metal matrix composite coatings and the improvement of coatings quality are prospected, the promotion and application of the coating provides a reference.