欧洲海上风电规划机制和激励策略及其启示

中国海上风能资源丰富，海上风电开发正处于由近海到远海、由浅水到深水、由起步到规模化开发的关键阶段。欧洲是海上风电行业的先驱和全球最大市场，积累了丰富的海上风电发展经验，对中国海上风电发展具有重要的借鉴价值。以欧洲地区3个主要海上风电国家：英国、丹麦和德国为例，首先，从规划的关键责任方及其职责、规划流程两方面对比分析欧洲海上风电的规划机制及其优缺点；其次，分析欧洲为促进海上风电发展采取的典型激励策略，并结合3个国家的具体情况研究不同激励策略的特点和实施经验；最后，结合欧洲经验和中国国情，从规划机制和激励策略2个层面提出了促进中国海上风电发展的针对性建议。

Planning Mechanism and Incentive Strategies of European Offshore Wind Power and Their Enlightenment

China has rich offshore wind energy resources, and the development of its offshore wind power is in the key stage from coastal zones to pelagic zones, from shallow water to deep water, and from start-up to large-scale development. Europe is the pioneer of the offshore wind power industry and the world’s largest market in this regard, which has accumulated rich experience in offshore wind power development and can provide an important reference for the development of China’s offshore wind power. Therefore, three major European offshore wind power countries, i.e., the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Germany, are taken as examples for analysis in this paper. First, the planning mechanism and its advantages and disadvantages are comparatively analyzed from the aspects of the major responsible parties of planning and their responsibility as well as the planning process. Then, the typical incentive strategies adopted by Europe to promote the development of offshore wind power are analyzed, and the characteristics and implementation experience of different incentive strategies are studied according to the specific situation of the three countries. Finally, considering the European experience and China’s national conditions, some suggestions concerning planning mechanisms and incentive strategies are put forward to promote the development of China’s offshore wind power.