轻质高锰钢的组织及力学性能

摘要：高锰钢作为耐磨材料，被广泛应用于高载荷或冲击磨损的工况下。轻量化是钢铁材料发展的趋势之一，也是满足工业节能降耗需求的重要途径。为了明确轻质化元素铝对此类钢种的影响，以高锰钢ZGMn18Cr2为基础，通过控制铝含量，得到成分不同的轻质高锰钢。利用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）及电子探针（EPMA）等手段对其微观组织进行表征，并采用硬度测试、室温冲击和拉伸实验测试了其力学性能。结果表明，随着铝的质量分数在0~11%范围内不断增大，高锰钢的密度得到明显降低，铁素体相逐渐稳定，晶粒得到细化。同时，材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和室温断裂冲击功先升高后下降；硬度则先下降后升高。这些性能的改变与铝含量的变化、第二相铁素体的出现以及含铝碳化物的数量有重要关系。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of light weight high manganese steel

As a wear resistant material, high manganese steel is widely used under high load or impact wear conditions. Lightweight is one of the development trends of steels, and it is also an important way to meet the needs of industrial energy saving and consumption reduction. In order to clarify the influence of the lightweight element aluminum on this type of steel, based on the high manganese steel ZGMn18Cr2, by controlling the aluminum mass fraction, light high manganese steels with different compositions were obtained. The microstructure was characterized by metallographic microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electro probe micro analysis (EPMA). Its mechanical properties were tested by hardness tester, impact tester and tensile testing machine at room temperature. The results show that as the aluminum content continued to increase in the range of 0-11%, the density of high manganese steel was significantly reduced. The ferrite phase was gradually stabilized, and the grains were refined. At the same time, the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and the fracture impact energy of the material increased first, and then decreased. However, the hardness decreased first and then increased. The changes of these properties have an important relationship with the changes in aluminum content, the appearance of the second phase ferrite, and the amount of the carbides containing Al.