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Endogenous Nitric-Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ADMA after Acute Brain Injury
Authors:Carla S. Jung  Christian Wispel  Klaus Zweckberger  Christopher Beynon  Daniel Hertle  Oliver W. Sakowitz  Andreas W. Unterberg
Affiliation:Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany; E-Mails: (C.W.); (K.Z.); (C.B.); (D.H.); (O.W.S.); (A.W.U.)
Abstract:
Previous results on nitric oxide (NO) metabolism after traumatic brain injury (TBI) show variations in NO availability and controversial effects of exogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-inhibitors. Furthermore, elevated levels of the endogenous NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were reported in cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Therefore, we examined whether ADMA and the enzymes involved in NO- and ADMA-metabolism are expressed in brain tissue after TBI and if time-dependent changes occur. TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact injury (CCII) and neurological performance was monitored. Expression of NOS, ADMA, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAH) and protein-arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) was determined by immunostaining in different brain regions and at various time-points after CCII. ADMA and PRMT1 expression decreased in all animals after TBI compared to the control group, while DDAH1 and DDAH2 expression increased in comparison to controls. Furthermore, perilesionally ADMA is positively correlated with neuroscore performance, while DDAH1 and DDAH2 are negatively correlated. ADMA and its metabolizing enzymes show significant temporal changes after TBI and may be new targets in TBI treatment.
Keywords:asymmetric dimethylarginine   nitric oxide synthase   dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases   protein-arginine methyltransferases   acute traumatic brain injury   controlled cortical impact
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