Neuropsychological impairments in schizophrenia: Integration of performance-based and brain imaging findings.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 134(3) of Psychological Bulletin (see record 2008-04614-006). In the article "Neuropsychological Impairments in Schizophrenia: Integration of Performance-Based and Brain Imaging Findings," by Abraham Reichenberg and Philip D. Harvey (Psychological Bulletin, 2007, Vol. 133, No. 5, pp. 833-858), on page 837, right column, first paragraph; in Table 1 (p. 835); and in Table 2 (p. 843), the word perseverations was misspelled as preservations. In addition, on page 846, left column, third paragraph, the last word in the sentence was incorrect. The correct word should be hyperactivation.] Until recently, the dominant view was that schizophrenia patients have limited, if any, neuropsychological impairments, and those that are observed are only secondary to the florid symptoms of the disorder. This view has dramatically changed. This review integrates recent evidence demonstrating the severity and profile of neuropsychological impairments in schizophrenia. We present quantitative evaluation of the literature demonstrating that the most severe impairments are apparent in episodic memory and executive control processes, evident on a background of a generalized cognitive deficit. The neuropsychological impairments potentially represent genetic liability to the disorder, as similar, yet milder, impairments are evident in schizophrenia patients even before the onset of psychotic symptoms, as well as in the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenia patients. Corresponding cognitive neuroimaging literature on executive functions, episodic memory, and working memory in schizophrenia documenting abnormalities in frontal and medial temporal lobes is summarized, and current models integrating neuropsychological and neuroimaging data are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)