采动岩层全空间“类双曲面”立体移动模型

基于大量现场调研及岩层移动内外“类双曲线”移动模型分析，本文对哈拉沟煤矿厚松散岩层煤层开挖展开了物理相似模型试验，验证了内外“类双曲线”整体移动模型的有效性；将其推广到三维空间，提出采动岩层全空间“类双曲面”立体移动模型。该模型包含“类单叶”、“类双叶”两类双曲面，能近似描述不同岩性条件下全空间采动岩层立体移动与地表沉陷特征。“类单叶双曲面”模型为空间岩层水平移动边界模型，隐含于厚松散层覆岩内部；“类双叶双曲面”模型为空间地表沉降与覆岩裂隙拱、冒落拱垂向移动边界模型，均在主关键层近似关于“原点”对称，具体表现为采掘扰动下地表沉陷及采场围岩拱形垮落等外部形态。通过理论分析、相似模型试验及3DEC数值模拟，本文建立并验证了厚松散层近水平煤层开采条件下空间采动岩层立体移动与地表沉陷“类双曲面”模型。同时，分析了共渐近锥面“类双曲面”模型的构成条件、影响因素及整体运移规律。研究结果表明:在薄基岩厚松散层近水平煤层开采条件下，“类双曲面”理论模型与3DEC模拟结果吻合较好，表明采动空间覆岩运移和地表沉降呈“类双曲面”特征。

The model of spatial analogous hyperboloid for three-dimensional rock strata movement in mining engineering

Based on a large number of field investigations and the analysis of the "analogous hyperbolic" overall movement model proposed by the author, this paper further extends it to three-dimensional space, and proposes a full-space "analogous hyperboloid"three-dimensional movement model of the mining strata.There are two types of hyperboloids, "quasi-single-leaf"and "quasi-double-leaf", which can approximately describe the three-dimensional movement and surface subsidence characteristics of full-space mining strata under different lithological conditions.The "analogous single leaf hyperboloid" model is a horizontal moving boundary model of the spatial rock layer, which is implicit in the thick loose layer overlying rock; the "analogous double leaf hyperboloid" model is the vertical movement of the spatial surface subsidence and the overlying fissure arch and caving arch.The boundary models are approximately symmetrical with the "origin" in the main key layer, and are embodied in external forms such as surface subsidence under mining disturbance and arch caving of the surrounding rock in the stope. Through theoretical analysis, similar model test and 3DEC numerical simulation, this paper deduces and proves in detail the "analogous hyperboloid" model of spatially mined rock strata movement and surface subsidence under the condition of near-horizontal coal seam mining in thick loose layers.At the same time, this study analyzed the composition conditions, influencing factors and overall migration law of the co-asymptotic conical surface "analogous hyperboloid" model.Results show that under the condition of near-horizontal coal seam mining with thin bedrock and thick loose layer, the "quasi-hyperboloid" theoretical model is in good alignment with the 3DEC simulation results, indicating that the overlying rock migration and surface subsidence in space mining are "analogous hyperboloid" feature.