生物制造过程中的微生物生长与调控

提高生物基产品的产量和生产效率是生物制造发展的目标。由于微生物具有生长快、营养要求简单和基因操作简便等特点,常用作生物基产品制造过程中的底盘宿主,因此,产品制造过程中微生物细胞的生长与调控尤为重要,其生长调控会直接或间接地影响生物基产品的合成效率。微生物的生长不仅受外界环境如温度、溶氧量、pH等的影响,而且还受微生物本身的生长与调控机制如细胞分裂调控、必需基因表达调控、程序化死亡等的影响。本文综述了利用分子生物学、合成生物学和系统生物学等方法对微生物细胞生长和分裂过程进行分子调控,以提高生物反应速率和目标产物的产量,为化工、食品、生物医药以及环境保护等领域构建高效的生物制造工艺提供新思路。

Regulation and control of microbial growth in bio-manufacturing processes

Improving the yield and production efficiency of bio-based products is the goal of bio-manufacturing and bio-industry. Because of the advantages of fast growth,simple nutritional requirement and convenient gene manipulation,microorganisms are often used as chassis of bio-based products. Thus,the growth regulation and control of microbial cells are particularly important in the process of bio-manufacturing,as the microbial cell growth will directly or indirectly affect the synthesis efficiency of bio-based products. The growth of microorganisms can be affected not only by external conditions such as temperature,dissolved oxygen and pH,but also by their own cell growth mechanism. The cell growth mechanism can be referred to cell division regulation,essential genes expression regulation and programmed cell death. This paper reviewed the molecular regulation of microbial cell growth and division through molecular biology,synthetic biology and systematic biology methods to improve the biological reaction rate and the yield of target products,which provides new insights for the development of efficient bio-manufacturing process in chemical engineering,food industry,bio-pharmaceuticals,environmental protection and other fields.