松花江流域鱼体内重金属含量的监测与污染评价

为研究松花江流域鱼体重金属的污染现状,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定松花江流域鱼类体内的Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg、As等7种重金属的残留量,使用综合污染指数法对污染情况进行了评价。结果表明,松花江鱼体中7种重金属的基准值由高到低依次为Zn、Cu、Cr、As、Pb、Hg和Cd,且除Hg以外,其他6种重金属的来源具有一定的相似性;第二松花江流域中鱼体内重金属残留量高于嫩江和松花江干流两条流域中鱼体内重金属残留量;参照《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质的限量标准》(NK 5073-2006)和《食品中锌限量卫生标准》(GB13106-1991),鱼体内Pb、As、Cr和Zn的超标率很高,特别是Pb和As的污染比较严重。

Monitoring and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Fishes of Songhua River

In order to investigate the current status of heavy metal pollution in fishes of the Songhua River, the Microwave-digestion and ICP-MS method was used to determine the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As in fishes, and the heavy metal pollution status was assessed using the comprehensive pollution index method. The results showed that (1) the contents of heavy metals in fishes from high to low are Zn, Cu, Cr, As, Pb, Hg, and Cd, and the sources of six heavy metals are similar except for Hg; (2) the contents of heavy metals in fishes of the Second Songhua River are higher than those in fishes of the Nen River and main stream of the Songhua River; and (3) based on the evaluation criterion of NK 5073-2006 and GB 13106-1991, the contents of Pb, As, Cr, and Zn exceed the standard values, especially the pollution status of Pb and As is serious.