肠道菌群调控下的食物过敏机制研究进展

随着过敏人群数量的快速增加,食物过敏日益受到人们的关注。肠道微生物在机体免疫系统的形成和发展中扮演着重要角色,越来越多的研究表明,抗生素的使用、膳食结构的改变等因素所引起的肠道菌群紊乱将会增加人群患食物过敏的机率。本文将从细胞和分子水平综述目前对口服耐受的产生及因其缺失而引起食物过敏的相关机理的研究,并在此基础上讨论肠道微生物调节食物过敏的潜在通路,最后概述有关益生菌缓解食物过敏的应用及机制研究。通过了解肠道微生物与宿主黏膜系统的相互作用,可为预防及治疗食物过敏提供新的调控靶点和研究思路,并为益生菌缓解食物过敏提供理论依据和改进方案,从而减少食物过敏的发生。

Recent Advances in Understanding the Regulation of Food Allergy by Intestinal Microbiota

Due to the rapid growing number of allergic people, food allergy is a growing public health concern. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in immune system development and function. Increasing evidences have suggested that the alteration in the composition of the microbiota caused by factors such as antibiotic use and changes in diet can contribute to increased sensitization to dietary antigens. This review presents the current understanding of the immunological mechanisms for oral tolerance establishment and food allergy development due to the loss of oral tolerance at the cellular and molecular level, discuss the potential pathways activated by commensal bacteria to protect against allergic sensitization, and provides an overview of some probiotics reported in the literature for the alleviation of food allergy. By understanding the interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the host mucosal immune system, this review aims to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of food allergy, thereby reducing its prevalence.