硝酸脲的制备

研究了硝酸脲制备过程中可控因素的影响以及固体硝酸脲的晶体形状、吸湿性、水溶液的酸性、X射线衍射图、核磁共振图、红外图谱。实验表明硝酸脲制备过程中的主要影响因素为：尿素与硝酸的比例、硝酸的浓度、反应温度及反应时间等。其中最佳工艺条件是：n（尿素）：n（硝酸）=1：1，硝酸浓度为5．5mol/L，反应温度为20℃，反应时间为20min；显微镜下观测其晶体呈现棱柱状；吸湿性比较弱：水溶液的酸性较同等浓度的硝酸弱而比柠檬酸强；X射线衍射图表明生成物与可能生成的其它物质的X射线衍射图完全不同；核磁共振及红外图谱证明生成的产物为比较纯的硝酸脲。

Studies on urea nitrate

The controlled main influence factors and crystal shape of urea nitrate,hygroscopy,acidity in water, XRD,MRI,IR in urea nitrate production are studied.The result indicates that the main effect factors are ratio of urea and nitric acid,concentration of nitric acid ,reaction temperature and time.and the optimization are 1：1,5.5 mol/L,20℃ ,20 min; The crystal shape of urea nitrate examined under microscope is prismy;the hygroscopy is low;and the acidity at same concentration is weaker than nitrate acid,but stronger than citric acid;the XRD is different from likely productions;MRI and IR proves that the production is urea nitrate farther.