Engine performance and emission characteristics of three-phase diesel emulsions prepared by an ultrasonic emulsification method |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia;3. Processing Technology, Sime Darby Research, R&D Centre – Carey Island, Lot 2664 Jalan Pulau Carey, 42960 Pulau Carey, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Suínos e Aves, 89700-991 Concórdia, SC, Brazil;2. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, 79106-550 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil;3. Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;4. Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello – CENPES/PETROBRAS, 21941-915 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;5. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;1. Centre for Energy Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2033 NSW Australia;1. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China;2. Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China |
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| Abstract: | The emulsification method is a potential technique for reducing pollutant emissions from combustion equipment primarily due to occurrence of micro-explosion to enhance burning. In this study, an ultrasonic emulsification method was applied to prepare two-phase water-in-oil (W/O) and three-phase oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) emulsions. The engine performance and the pollutant emission characteristics of a diesel engine were measured and analyzed. A rather violent ultrasonic wave may result in the phenomena of cavitations and hot spots, which in turn promotes fast chemical and physical reactions. Various kinds of liquid, which are immiscible with each other, may thus become highly mixed so that an emulsion is formed. This study first used an ultrasonic oscillating bath to produce ultrasonic waves by which two- and three-phase emulsions were prepared. The experimental results show that the emulsions prepared by the ultrasonic vibrating method have much finer and better-distributed droplets. The use of these emulsions as an engine fuel produced lower NO emission, lower soot concentration and lower black smoke opacity, while creating a larger brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) and a larger CO emission compared with that of an engine using neat diesel fuel. However, the variations in the concentrations of CO2 and O2 emissions between the emulsions and neat diesel fuel were not significant. In a comparison with the characteristics of the two-phase W/O emulsion, the three-phase O/W/O emulsion was found to have a larger CO emission, larger soot particles and larger bsfc while producing a lower brake thermal efficiency and a lower black smoke opacity. |
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