不同施肥措施对烟株生长发育及土壤盐分的影响

  目的  为研究不同施肥措施对烟株生长发育及土壤盐分的影响。  方法  以中烟100为供试品种，采用盆栽试验，设置6种施肥处理:不施肥、单施氮肥、氮磷钾肥配施、氮磷钾肥分别增施腐熟秸秆、芝麻饼肥和生物炭，研究不同施肥措施对烟株生长发育和土壤盐分的影响。  结果  （1）与氮磷钾肥配施相比，在移栽后90 d，增施腐熟秸秆处理烟株株高、最大叶面积分别显著增加13%和34%，增施有机物料在增加烤烟产量、产值的同时，还提高了烟叶总糖和还原糖含量，增加烟碱含量，提升两糖比。增施生物炭显著提高烟叶含钾量。（2）各处理土壤可溶性盐组成均以SO₄2-、HCO₃-、Na+和Ca2+为主，水溶性总盐、Cl-和Ca2+在移栽后45~60 d达到最大值。（3）施肥整体增加了总盐含量，氮磷钾肥配施主要增加了土壤含量。（4）增施有机物料降低了总盐含量增和Ca2+含量，对Na+含量的影响随时间而异，增施腐熟秸秆处理增加了Cl-含量，增施生物炭处理增加了K+含量。  结论  施肥措施会促进烟株生长发育，增加土壤总盐含量，氮磷钾肥配施腐熟秸秆或芝麻饼肥有利于脱盐。 

Effects of different fertilizing practices on tobacco plant growth and soil salinity

  Objectives  The aim was to study effects of different fertilization practices on tobacco plant growth and soil salt content.  Methods  A pot experiment with Zhongyan100 as material was conducted under six fertilization treatments including no fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, conventional fertilizer, conventional fertilizer plus decomposed straw, conventional fertilizer plus sesame cake, and conventional fertilizer plus biochar.  Results  Compared with the conventional fertilizer, applying fermented crop straw significantly increased height and maximum leaf area of tobacco plants by 13 and 34%, respectively. Total sugar, reducing sugar content, yield and output value, nicotine content and sugar ratio of tobacco leaves were increased by applying organic materials. Application of biochar significantly increased potassium content in tobacco leaves. SO₄2-, HCO₃-, Na+ and Ca2+ were the main ion components in soil.Fertilization generally increased soil salt contents. The application of conventional fertilizer mainly increased contents of and Ca2+、SO₄2- and K+. Applying organic materials decreased the contents of total salt and Ca2+. Soil Cl- and K+ contents were increased by application of fermented crop straw and biochar, respectively.  Conclusions  Combined application of conventional fertilizer with decomposed straw or biochar was beneficial to desalination.