施用石灰和绿肥及生物有机肥后的酸性土壤pH和理化性状动态变化

为明确酸性植烟土壤施用石灰、绿肥和生物有机肥等改土物料组合的效果，研究了酸性土壤单施石灰、石灰+绿肥、石灰+绿肥+生物有机肥等改土物料后土壤pH和土壤理化性状动态变化。结果表明:（1）施用改土物料之后，植烟土壤pH表现为先升后降的阶段性变化，至烤烟移栽60d后逐渐趋于稳定; 单施石灰的植烟土壤容重呈升高趋势，石灰+绿肥、石灰+绿肥+生物有机肥处理的土壤容重呈下降趋势；植烟土壤孔隙度、水分和有机质含量呈“高—低—高”的阶段性变化；植烟土壤碱解氮含量呈“低—高—低—高的阶段性变化；土壤有效磷和速效钾含量呈递增趋势。（2）至烤烟移栽后120d，施用改土物料较对照能提高土壤pH 0.32~1.07个单位，提高碱解氮含量17.1%~25.7%，提高有效磷含量18.2%~70.0%，但降低速效钾含量；石灰+绿肥、石灰+绿肥+生物有机肥处理分别提高土壤有机质含量27.6%和39.3%，提高土壤孔隙度2.02%和3.02%，提高土壤水分7.4%~24.2%，降低土壤容重2.46%和4.10%；单施石灰则会降低土壤有机质含量、土壤孔隙度、土壤水分含量。（3）不同处理以石灰+绿肥+生物有机肥组合对强酸性土壤的改良效果最好，石灰+绿肥次之，单施石灰效果较差。因此，施用石灰时应配施绿肥和生物有机肥，以实现对强酸性土壤的可持续改良。 

Dynamic change of soil pH and physicochemical properties after application of lime,green manure and biological organic fertilizer

In order to clarify the effect of lime, green manure and bio-organic fertilizer used in acid tobacco- planting soil, the dynamic changes of soil pH and physical and chemical properties were studied by applying lime, lime + green manure and lime + green manure +bioorganic fertilizer.Results showed that: (1) After application of soil amelioration materials, pH value of tobacco-planting soil showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing fall, and gradually tended to be stable 60 days after transplant. The bulk density of tobacco-planting soil with application of lime alone showed an upward trend, while that with application of lime + green manure, lime + green manure + bioorganic fertilizer showed a decreasing trend.The soil porosity, water content and organic matter content showed a variation trend of high-lowhigh. Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content of tobacco-planting soil showed a low-high-low-highperiodic change.Available phosphorus and available potassium contents of soil showed an increasing trend.(2) Soil pH, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content and available phosphorus content were increased by 0.32~1.07 units, 17.1% ~ 25.7% and 18.2% ~ 70.0%, respectively 120 days after transplant, while available potassium content was decreased by applying soil amelioration materials compared with the control group.Lime + green manure, lime + green manure + bio-organic fertilizer treatment increased soil organic matter content by 27.6% and 39.3%, increased soil porosity by 2.02% and 3.02%, increased soil moisture by 7.4% to 24.2%, and reduced soil bulk density by 2.46% and 4.10%.Single lime application reduced soil organic matter content, soil porosity and soil moisture content.(3) The combination of lime + green manure + bio-organic fertilizer had the best effect on the improvement of strongly acidic soil, followed by lime + green manure, while the effect of lime application alone was poor.Therefore, lime should be combined with green manure and bio-organic fertilizer to achieve sustainable improvement of strong acid soil.