In对Al-Mg-Ga-Sn-(In)铝合金阳极组织及电化学性能的影响

在Al基体中添加Mg、Ga、Sn、In合金元素,通过正交试验设计了9组铝-空气电池阳极材料。采用动电位极化试验、析氢试验和恒电流放电试验对铝合金阳极的电化学性能进行优化,通过扫描电镜和能谱测试仪观察了合金的显微组织及成分。结果表明,没有添加In元素的1号合金(Al-0.5Mg-0.05Sn-0.05Ga)、5号合金(Al-Mg-0.1Sn-0.2Ga)和9号合金(Al-2Mg-0.2Sn-0.1Ga)铝阳极具有较差的放电性能和较高的自腐蚀速率,而添加0.05wt% In元素的7号铝阳极(Al-2Mg-0.05Sn-0.2Ga-0.05In)具有最好的放电电压(平均电位-1.968 V)和抗腐蚀性能 (自腐蚀速率0.193 mL·cm^-2·min^-1)。对比去腐蚀产物后的合金表面形貌,发现5号合金的腐蚀表面布满较深的腐蚀坑,这增加了铝合金的自腐蚀,而7号合金的表面具有较浅的腐蚀坑,这减缓了电解液中离子传递和自腐蚀速率。 因此,7号铝合金适合用作铝-空气电池阳极材料。

Effect of In on structure and electrochemical properties of Al-Mg-Ga-Sn-(In) aluminum alloy anodes

Nine aluminum-air battery anode materials were designed by adding alloy elements Mg, Ga, Sn and In into Al through orthogonal test. The electrochemical properties of aluminum alloy anodes were optimized by means of the potentiodynamic polarization test, hydrogen evolution test and constant current discharge test, the microstructure and components of aluminum alloy anode were observed by SEM and EDS. The results show that the aluminum alloy anodes without In element including No.1 alloy (Al-0.5Mg-0.05Sn-0.05Ga), No.5 alloy (Al-Mg-0.1Sn-0.2Ga) and No.9 alloy (Al-2Mg-0.2Sn-0.1Ga) have poor discharge performance and higher self-corrosion rate, while No.7 anode alloy (Al-2Mg-0.05Sn-0.2Ga-0.05In) has the best discharge voltage (average voltage to -1.968 V) and corrosion resistance (self-corrosion rate to 0.193 mL·cm^-2·min^-1). After removing the corrosion products, it is found that the corrosion surface of No.5 alloy is full of deep corrosion pits which increases the self-corrosion, while the corrosion surface of No.7 alloy has shallow corrosion pits, which slows down the ion transfer in the electrolyte and the self-corrosion rate. Therefore, No.7 aluminum alloy is suitable for the anodic material of aluminum-air battery.