渣油加工技术现状及发展趋势分析

目前,世界范围内增产的石油将主要是重质原油及重质合成油,炼油企业正面临着原料重质化和劣质化、产品轻质化和清洁化、炼制过程清洁化和低碳化的压力,需要尽快提升重油转化加工水平,提升重油轻质化的转化效率。以脱碳、加氢两种石油炼制技术路线为核心,分析了减黏裂化、溶剂脱沥青、延迟焦化、渣油催化裂化、渣油加氢等各种技术的现状及技术进展,并评价了影响渣油加工工艺选择的技术经济因素。延迟焦化技术将依然是渣油加工的主要技术手段之一,但是其经济性和环境表现略差;沸腾床、浆态床加氢技术将在渣油加工技术中承担越来越重要的角色,但在原料适应性和转化深度、催化剂寿命和消耗等方面还有待进一步提高;渣油加工组合工艺因能充分发挥各种渣油加工技术的组合优势,在实际生产中应优先加以考虑。

Present Situation and Progresses of Residue Processing Tehcnology

Nowadays,heavy oils and synthetic crude oils are increasing in the world oil market. Refineries suffer from stress to use heavy and poor quality stocks to produce lighter and clean fuels with clean and low carbon emission processes. Refineries must enhance the technical level as soon as possible to increase residue conversion to produce more distillates. The application situations, limitations and technology advances of visbreaking, solvent deasphalting, delayed coking, RFCC and residue hydrotreating are highlighted based on the mechanism of two core technologies—decarbonization and hydrogenation processes, and the factors influencing the choice of residue processing technology are discussed from the perspective of technical economy. Delayed coking is still a main residue processing technology,however,its economic and environmental performance is slightly worse. The ebullated bed and slurry bed hydrocraking technologies will play an increasingly important role, but some technical problems need to be further improved, such as feedstock adaptability, conversion level, catalyst life and consumption. The combined processing schemes should be taken into account, because the advantages of different processes could be performed sufficiently.