1991--2009年中国九省区中老年居民膳食维生素A摄入状况及变化趋势

目的：分析2009年我国九省区中老年居民膳食维生素A摄入状况及1991--2009年间变化趋势。方法：选取1991--2009年“中国健康与营养调查”（CHNS）7轮调查中50．79岁中老年居民作为研究对象。以膳食视黄醇、胡萝卜素和总维生素A每日平均摄入量作为维生素A摄入状况的评价指标。分别描述2009年分性别、年龄、地区的维生素A摄入水平；1991--2009年间分地区的膳食维生素A摄入状况、视黄醇占总维生素A摄入的比例以及总维生素A达到推荐摄入量（RNI）比例的人群分布变化趋势。结果：2009年我国中老年居民膳食总维生素A、胡萝卜素和视黄醇平均每日摄入量分别为602．4t．tgRE／d、1570．6¨g／d、373．8肛g／d，男性高于女性，城市、郊区高于县城、农村。1991--2009年间，膳食总维生素A和胡萝I、_紊摄入量在波动中小幅下降，视黄醇摄入量自1993年起持续升高；视黄醇在总维生素A摄入中的比例随时间变化呈上升趋势，城市、郊区、县城、农村分别从1991年的62．8％、59．4％、60．9％、56．9％上升到2009年的70．9％、73．1％、67．0％、68．1％。需要注意的是，2004年以后，郊区和农村居民中视黄醇占总维生素A摄入的比例上升迅速分别超过了城市和县城居民。膳食维生素A摄入达到RNI以上的人群比例从1991年的33．0％小幅降至2009年的28．6％，未达到40％RNI的人群比例从1991年的30．3％下降至2009年的28．4％；膳食维生素A摄入达到40％RNI、60％RNI、80％RNI的人群比例则分别从1991年的14．6％、12．0％、10．0％上升到2009年的17．7％、13．9％、11．4％。结论：18年间，我国中老年居民膳食维生素A和胡萝卜紊摄入在波动中有小幅下降，视黄醇摄入升高，地区差异明显，需要注意县城和农村中老年居民维生素A摄入水平较低。

Dietary Vitamin A Intake of Chinese Middle Age and Elderly Adults in 9 Provinces from 1991 to 2009

[Objective] To investigate dietary vitamin A intake status among Chinese middle age and elderly adults in 9 provinces in 2009 and the trends from 1991 to 2009. [Method] Aduhs aged 50-79 years old from China Health and Nutrition Survey （CHNS）, from 1991 to 2009 were selected. Average intake of dietary retinol, carotene and total vitamin A were defined as key variables of vitamin A status. Vi- tamin A intake at different gender, age and area levels in 2009, and change trends from 1989 to 2009 by areas were analyzed. Trends of the ratio of retinol to total vitamin A and percents of vitamin A to RNI were also demonstrated. In 2009, average intake of dietary vitamin A, carotene and retinal were 602. 4 p~g RE/d, 1 570. 6 p.g/d and 373.8 p~g/d, respectively. Male had higher intake than females, while in- take in city and suburban were higher than those in town and village. Intake of vitamin A and carotene decreased slightly with floatation frem 1991 to 2009, while that of retinol increased since 1993. The ratio of retinol to vitamin A increased yearly, which in city, suburban, town and village increased from 62. 8% , 59. 4% , 60. 9% and 56. 9% in 1991 to 70. 9% , 73. 1% , 67. 0% and 68. 1% in 2009, respectively. However, adults in suburban and village had higher ratio of retinol to vitamin A than those in city and town. The percentage of population with dietary vita- min A intake above RNI briefly decreased from 30. 3% in 1991 to 28. 4% in 2009, while the percentage of population with dietary vitamin A in- take more than 40% RNI, 60% RNI, 80% RNI increased from 14. 6% , 12. 0% and 10. 0% in 1991 to 17. 7% , 13. 9% and I 1.4% in 2009. [Conclusion] Dietary vitamin A intake among Chinese middle age and elderly adults decreased slightly with floatation from 1991 to 2009, while that of retinol increased. However, it needs more attention to the lower vitamin A intake in town and village areas.