超疏水表面在金属防护中应用的研究进展

超疏水表面由于具有独特的微纳米粗糙结构和低表面能性质,能形成空气垫物理屏障层,减小材料表面与水或其他腐蚀介质之间的接触面积,因此被广泛应用于金属的腐蚀防护。首先简单介绍了超疏水表面的相关理论,主要包括Young氏方程、Wenzel模型和Cassie-Baxter模型。然后,归纳总结了三种制备超疏水表面的有效途径:在低表面能物质上构建微纳米级粗糙结构;先构建出具有微纳米级的粗糙结构,再对表面进行低表面能修饰;一步法完成低表面能修饰和微纳米级粗糙结构的构建。在此基础上,详细地综述了常见的超疏水表面(薄膜或涂层)在金属防护中的应用。进一步介绍了通过在超疏水体系中引入缓蚀剂的方式,构建具有主动防护功能的超疏水表面,并介绍了此种超疏水表面在金属防护中的应用。最后指出了目前的超疏水表面在制备工艺以及耐久性等方面存在的问题,并对其在金属防护领域的应用前景和发展方向作出了展望。

Research Advance in Application of Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Corrosion Protection of Metals

Superhydrophobic surfaces have been widely used in corrosion protection of metals because of the unique micro/nano-scaled roughness and low surface energy properties which can form a layer of air cushion physical barrier and reduce the contact area with water or other corrosive media. Firstly, the theory of superhydrophobic surfaces was introduced briefly, mainly including Young''s equation, Wenzel model and Cassie-Baxter model. Then, three effective ways to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces were summarized: the micro/nano-scaled roughness structure was constructed on low surface energy materials; the micro/nano-scaled rough structure was first constructed, and the surface was modified with low surface energy; and the construction of low surface energy modification and micro/nano-scaled roughness was completed at the same time. On this basis, the application of common superhydrophobic surfaces (films or coatings) in metal protection was reviewed in detail. The application of superhydrophobic surface with active protection function in metal protection by introducing corrosion inhibitor into super-hydrophobic system was further introduced. Finally, the problems of the complicated preparation process and unsatisfactory durability of the currently used superhydrophobic surface were pointed out. In addition, the application prospect and development direction of superhydrophobic surface in the field of metal protection were prospected.