食用植物油所制备生物柴油的低温流动性能

以我国常用的7种食用植物油为原料，采用碱催化酯交换法制成纯植物油生物柴油．并测定了各种生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯的分布、凝点、冷滤点、倾点和粘度。通过比较发现．当植物油制成生物柴油后其凝点和倾点显著升高，但冷滤点降低。从凝点看，其中菜籽油生物柴油能满足我国-10号柴油的要求，葵花籽油、玉米油、芝麻油和大豆油的生物柴油能满足0号柴油的规格，花生油生物柴油的凝点则较高。纯植物油生物柴油的低温流动性能主要与生物柴油中的饱和脂肪酸甲酯的含量和分布有关，饱和脂肪酸甲酯的含量越高，饱和脂肪酸甲酯中的长链脂肪酸甲酯含量越多，该生物柴油的低温性能越差。

LOW-TEMPERATURE FLUIDITY OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL PREPARED FROM EDIBLE VEGETABLE OIL

Bio-diesel fuel samples were prepared from seven common edible vegetable oils by means of basic catalysis and transesterification. Sample analysis, such as content of fatty acid methyl ester, solidification point (SP), pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and viscosity were carried out. Experimental results showed that the SP and PP of the bio-diesel fuel were higher than that of the related vegetable oil, as to CFPP and viscosity were reversed; the SP of bio-diesel fuel sample from rapeseed oil reached the requirement of -10# diesel fuel, other bio-diesel fuel samples, except sample from peanut oil, met the SP requirement of 0# diesel fuel. The low-temperature fluidity of the bio-diesel fuel depended on the content and distribution of the saturated fatty acid methyl esters in the fuel: the higher the esters content and the longer the carbon chains in the fuel, the worse the low-temperature fluidity was.