深层有效碎屑岩储层形成机理研究进展

深层碎屑岩储层逐渐成为油气勘探的新领域，而有效碎屑岩储层的形成机理又是深层领域油气勘探的焦点。 深层有效碎屑岩储层的形成机理复杂，与沉积作用、成岩作用及构造作用息息相关。沉积环境是形成有效储层的前提和基础。 建设性成岩作用形成的次生孔隙能有效改善储层物性。 较低的古地温环境、快速深埋的埋藏方式、地层中发育异常高压、上覆厚层膏盐、烃类早期充注、颗粒黏土矿物包壳和深层流体活动等条件均有利于有效碎屑岩储层的形成。在深层储层演化过程中，构造应力作用可直接导致孔隙体积缩小，但构造应力形成的裂缝可改善储层孔隙沟通及渗流能力，形成裂缝型有效储层。 因此，深层有效碎屑岩储层形成机理可总结归纳为“沉积物质为基础，成岩演化为关键，构造作用为调整”。 通过现代技术手段对储层物质组成的研究与成岩模拟实验研究及创新利用不同学科交叉渗透的新理论和新方法，是深层有效碎屑岩储层形成机理研究的主要发展趋势。

Advancement on formation mechanism of deep effective clastic reservoir

As petroleum exploration goes into a more and more mature stage, deep elastic reservoir is becoming an important new area for exploration in the oil-gas basins. The research of deep petroleum exploration is focusing on the mechanism of the elastic reservoir evolution. The formation mechanism of the deep effective elastic reservoir is complex and closely connected to the sedimentation, diagenesis and tectonism. Sedimentary environment is the prerequisite and foundation for forming effective reservoir. Secondary pore produced by the main constructive digenesis vastly improves reservoir physical properties. Depositional environment and diagenetic conditions that can prevent or slow down diagenesis effectively is conductive to the reservoir physical properties, including low geotemperature, rapid burial history, abnormal pressure, gypsum-salt bed effect, hydrocarbon inject, grain coats and fluid activity, etc. During the evolution of deep reservoirs, tectonic compaction reduces the pore volume, while the structural fractures improve the seepage ability of the reservoir porosity, forming effective fractured reservoir. Thus, the reservoir forming mechanism was suggested with the deposition, dissolution and tectonism being fundamental, key and occasion respectively. Through using modern technology, conducting the diagenesis modeling experiments and using new methods with the inter-discipline knowledge, have already become the main development trends of the research of the forming mechanism of the deep effective elastic reservoir.