离子型稀土矿浸出渗流规律与调控方法研究

离子型稀土矿床成因与矿石性质复杂,矿体特有的黏土矿物不仅不利于稀土离子的渗流浸出,而且易产生药剂残留、渗流盲区,还可能引发山体滑坡等地质环境灾害。为给离子型稀土矿原地溶浸、高效回收工艺以科学指导,从原地溶浸化学反应、渗透规律、浸出动力学、水动力学、铝动力学等角度深入分析了离子型稀土矿浸出渗流规律研究现状,指出了原地溶浸过程存在的问题和发展方向,总结探讨了浸出渗流过程的调控方法。结果表明,以理论为指导,开发高效、经济、环保型浸出剂,研发助浸、抑杂、防膨、促渗等辅助药剂,改善注液、收液方式将是离子型稀土矿原地溶浸工艺优化的主要方向。

Study on Leaching Seepage Rule of Ion Type Rare Earth Ore and Regulation Methods

The ion type rare earth ore deposit has a complex ore forming process and property. The special clay minerals of the ore body is not in favor of leaching of rare earth ions,easily generate the chemical residue and the blind zone of seepage, and causes for geological disasters such as landslide as well. In order to provide a scientific instruction for in-situ leaching of ion type rare earth ore,the present situation on leaching and seepage rule of ion-type rare earth ore was studied from the per-spectives of chemical reaction,seepage rule,leaching kinetics,hydrodynamics,mass transfer mechanism. The existing problems and development direction of the in-situ leaching process were pointed out,and the regulation method of the leaching process was summarized. The results showed that with the guide of theoretical research,the key trends of research and development for in-situ leaching process of the ion-type rare earth include developing an efficient,economic and environmental leaching agent, producing auxiliary agents,such as auxiliary leaching,suppression,anti-swelling,and seepage,and improving the injection and retraction of liquid.