不同陈化年份老香黄品质的综合评价

为了解决老香黄陈化年份长短的判断问题，以6个陈化年份的老香黄的挥发性物质、理化成分、功能成分为主要指标，采用方差分析、主成分分析等方法，分析老香黄理化品质的改变与年份之间的关系，并利用TOPSIS法对不同陈化年份老香黄进行评价。结果显示，随着陈化年份的延长，老香黄的挥发性物质种类增多，萜烯类含量增长明显；水分含量随着年份延长减少后又增多；总糖、NaCl和pH在老香黄的陈化过程中持续下降；总黄酮和总酚的含量逐渐增多，在陈化8年后不明显，而花色苷的含量在前8年的陈化过程中逐渐下降（陈化8年比陈化3年下降33.33%），随后又逐渐上升。综合变异系数、相关性和指标重要性，第一主成分中β-红没药烯和NaCl含量的变异系数大于10%，且两个代表指标之间没有显著的相关性；第二主成分中的萜品油烯和第三主成分中的总黄酮的变异系数较大，说明不同年份老香黄之间的β-红没药烯和NaCl、萜品油烯和黄酮含量差异较大，具有很好的离散性，因此选用这四种指标为核心评价指标。TOPSIS综合评价法显示，老香黄的陈化年份越长，综合得分越高。该评价方法可为老香黄陈化年份的判别提供了更可靠的依据和标准。

Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of Laoxinghuang in Different Aging Years

To solve the problem of judging the aging years of Laoxianghuang, the relationship between the changes of the physical and chemical qualities and the aging years were analyzed by means of variance analysis and principal component analysis. The physical and chemical qualities of Laoxianghuang included volatile substances, physical and chemical components, and functional components from 6 different aging years were analyzed. TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the different aging years of Laoxianghuang. The results showed that with the extension of aging years, the types of volatile substances and the contents of terpenes increased significantly. The water content decreased and then increased with the extension of aging years. The contents of total sugar and NaCl, pH showed a decreasing trend during the aging process. The contents of total flavonoids and total polyphenols increased gradually, whereas they were not obvious after 8 years of aging. The content of anthocyanins decreased gradually during 8 years of aging (33.33% lower in 8 years of aging than in 3 years of aging), and then gradually increased. Based on the coefficient of variation, correlation and index importance, the coefficients of variation of β-bisabolene and NaCl contents in the first principal component were more than 10%, and there was no significant correlation between them. The variation coefficient of terpinolene in the second principal component and the variation coefficient of total flavonoids in the third principal component were large. The results of the variation coefficients indicated that the contents of β-bisabolene and NaCl, terpinolene and flavone were significantly different in different aging years, which showed that those four indexes had good discretization. Therefore, these four indexes were selected as the core evaluation indexes. TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method showed that the longer the aging years of Laoxianghuang, the higher the comprehensive score. This evaluation method could provide a more reliable basis and standard for the identification of the aging years of Laoxianghuang.