胡椒叶精油的提取工艺优化及其GC-MS分析

以不同类型的低共熔溶剂为提取剂,采用微波辅助蒸馏法从胡椒叶中提取精油。比较了不同类型的低共熔溶剂,并对影响精油得率的主要因素(液料比、微波功率、提取时间)进行了单因素试验和响应面的工艺优化。结果表明:氯化胆碱-尿素低共熔溶剂为最佳提取剂,当其液料比为16:1 mL/g,微波功率480 W,提取时间53 min时。在此条件下,精油最大得率为1.42%。对比试验发现:此方法对精油得率明显优于水蒸气蒸馏法和微波辅助蒸馏法,分别提高了17.48%、5.66%。通过用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对精油的化学成分进行了鉴定,共34种物质,主要成分为异桉油烯醇(25.47%)、δ-榄香烯(17.52%)、石竹烯(8.27%)、α-荜澄茄油烯(7.07%)、α-古芸烯(5.59%)、(+)-喇叭烯(5.02%)。以氯化胆碱-尿素作为低共熔溶剂提取胡椒叶精油的方法是可行的。

Optimization and GC-MS Analysis of Extracting Pepper Leaves Essential Oil

Essential oils were extracted from pepper leaves by microwave-assisted distillation using different types of deep eutectic solvents as solvents.Different types of eutectic solvents were compared,and the main factors affecting the yield of essential oils(solvent-solid ratio,microwave power,extraction time)were optimized by single factor test and response surface methodology.The results showed that the choline chloride-urea deep eutectic solvent was the best extractant,when the conditions was as follow:solvent-solid ratio of 16:1(mL/g),the microwave power of 480 W,and the extraction time of 53 min.Under these conditions,the maximum yield of essential oil was 1.42%.The comparison test indicated that the yield of the essential oil was significantly better than that of steam distillation and microwave-assisted distillation,which increased by 17.48%and 5.66%,respectively.The chemical constituents of the essential oils were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A total of 34 substances,the main components were isospathulenol(25.47%),δ-elemene(17.52%),caryophyllene(8.27%),α-cubebene(7.07%),α-gurjunene(5.59%),(+)-ledene(5.02%).A method for extracting pepper leaves essential oil by using choline chloride-urea as deep eutectic solvent could be feasible.