Creation of nanospaces by intercalation of alkali metals into graphite in organic solutions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 610-0011, Japan;2. Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;1. Energy and Environment, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Directorate, Richland, WA 99354, USA;2. Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA;1. Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China;2. Department of Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany;3. Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China;4. School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China;5. i-LAB, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China;6. CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China;7. National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China;8. In situ Center for Physical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China;9. Materials and Process Simulation Center, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;10. Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;11. Battery Science Branch, Energy and Biomaterials Division, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA |
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| Abstract: | Co-intercalation of alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) with various organic solvents has been utilized for introducing nanospaces in graphite. The co-intercalation has been conducted by a solution method. Resultant products were studied by X-ray diffraction. For solvents of cyclic ethers, co-intercalation is likely to occur for heavy alkali metals of Rb and Cs. For linear ethers with one oxygen atom, binary graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) were mainly obtained, irrespective of alkali metal species. For linear ethers with two oxygen atoms, light alkali metal, in particular, Li tends to give ternary Li–solvent–GICs. From these results, it is concluded that co-intercalation is mainly influenced by the interaction between alkali metals and solvents and by the size of solvated alkali metals. |
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