高扬程输水系统空气罐阻抗孔尺寸优化

针对高扬程输水系统空气罐阻抗孔的尺寸影响水锤防护效果的问题，基于瞬变流理论，建立空气罐数学模型，分析了水泵抽水断电情况下阻抗孔尺寸对管道系统的最大、最小压力、空气罐内涌浪及气室压力等因素的影响，提出合理的阻抗孔尺寸选取条件，并结合工程实例进行了验证。结果表明，过小的阻抗孔口会导致泵站抽水断电时空气罐补水能力不足，产生水击穿室；过大的阻抗孔口，则会导致空气罐内涌浪幅度过大，发生漏空或过低的气室压力，均无法满足供水管道水锤防护要求，可见空气罐阻抗孔最佳尺寸应结合工程管道布置与水锤防护要求共同拟定。

Optimization of Impedance Orifice of Air Vessel in High-lift Water Supply System

Aiming at the issues of impedance orifice size of air vessel affecting the water hammer protection in high-lift water supply system, based on the transient flow theory, the mathematical model of air vessel is established. And the influence of impedance orifice size on the maximum and minimum pressure of pipe system, surge of air vessel and air chamber pressure are analyzed under the circumstance of power-off pumping. Then the reasonable impedance orifice size which should be satisfied the conditions is put forward and it proves the conditions with project case. The results show that too smaller impedance orifice may cause water hammer of air vessel in the condition of power-off pumping; too larger impedance orifice may cause larger surge of air vessel and air pressure is too low, which do not meet the requirements of water hammer protection. Therefore, selecting the optimum size of impedance orifice for air vessel should be combined with piping arrangement system and water hammer protection.