可降解材料现状及其在海洋领域的研究进展

目的 综述可降解材料（光降解材料、生物降解材料和光-生物降解材料）的研究现状，探讨可降解材料在海洋领域的研究进展和未来研究方向。方法 综述各类可降解材料的特性、应用及其降解机理，并从材料降解机理的角度讨论可降解材料在海水中的降解可行性及相应的材料改性方法。结果 由于海水环境存在特殊性，各类可降解材料在海水中的降解性能大幅下降，降解过程受诸多因素影响，为了使材料能在海水环境下降解，针对降解材料改性研究方面提出了建议。结论 可降解材料虽是目前材料领域的研究热点，但可降解材料在海洋领域的应用仍处于起步阶段，因此，开发出具有良好水降解性能的可降解材料是解决海洋污染问题的重点，也是未来研究的难点和热点。

Status of Degradable Materials and Their Progress in Marine Research

The work aims to review the research status of degradable materials (photodegradable materials, biodegradable materials and photo-biodegradable materials), and discusses the research progress and future research direction of degradable materials in the marine field. The characteristics, applications and degradation mechanisms of various degradable materials were reviewed. The feasibility of degradation of degradable materials in seawater and the corresponding modification methods were discussed from the perspective of degradation mechanism.Due to the particularity of seawater environment, the degradation performance of various degradable materials in seawater environment was greatly reduced. The degradation process was affected by many factors. In order to enable the materials to degrade in seawater environment, suggestions on the modification of degradable materials were put forward. Although degradable materials are currently a research hotspot in the field of materials, their application in the marine field is still in its infancy. Therefore, the development of degradable materials with good water degradation performance is the key point to solve the problem of marine pollution, as well as the difficulty and hotspot of future research.