微生物抑制腐蚀机理及生物矿化机理研究进展

微生物既可以加速材料腐蚀,也可以在一定程度上减缓材料腐蚀,这与微生物膜有着密不可分的关系,微生物的抑制腐蚀作用正是微生物膜与腐蚀产物交互作用的结果。一般来说,这种抑制作用不仅仅是通过一类微生物或一种机制实现的。首先分类归纳了微生物膜抑制腐蚀的三种主要机理——微生物的呼吸作用消耗氧气,通过细菌分泌物抑制腐蚀,在材料表面形成保护层,并结合实例进行了分析论述。重点论述了生物矿化抑制腐蚀的机理,包括生物矿化的基础、生物矿化的过程、微生物在生物矿化中所起的作用,特别是EPS对于生物矿化的作用,着重分析了影响矿化产物膜结构与形态的关键影响因素,包括微生物种类、生物膜结构、海水环境等。另外,总结了近年来国内外利用生物矿化提高材料耐腐蚀性能的一些研究,对未来发展趋势做出了展望,并提出了三个亟待解决的问题。

Microbial Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism and Biomineralization Mechanism

Microorganisms are able to drastically accelerate or inhibit corrosion process, which is closely related to biofilm formation. Any inhibitory action developed by microorganisms is the outcome of interaction between biofilm/corrosion products. Microbial corrosion inhibition is rarely linked to a single mechanism or a single species of microorganisms. Firstly, three major mechanisms of microbial corrosion inhibition, namely, consuming oxygen through bacterial respiration, inhibiting corrosion by bacterial secretion, forming protective films on the surface of material, were classified, analyzed and elaborated by referring to examples. Among the three mechanisms, mechanisms of biomineralization corrosion inhibition were discusses emphatically, including biomineralization basis, biomineralization process and role of microorganisms in biomineralization, especially effects of EPS on biomineralization. Key factors influencing film structure and morphology of mineralization products, including bacterial species, biofilm structure and seawater environment, were analyzed emphatically. In addition, some studies at home and abroad aiming to improve corrosion resistance of materials based upon biomineralization were summarized, future development trend was prospected, and three urgent problems were presented.