Mechanism of surface modification of a porous-coated Ti-6Al-4V implant fabricated by electrical resistance sintering |
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Authors: | W H Lee S J Kim W J Lee C S Byun D K Kim J Y Kim C Y Hyun J G Lee J W Park |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Korea;(2) Department of Materials Engineering, Taejon National University of Technology, Taejon, 300-717, Korea;(3) Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Uiduk University, Kyongju, 780-713, Korea;(4) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology, Seoul, 970-614, Korea;(5) School of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 136-702, Korea;(6) Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea |
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Abstract: | A porous-coated Ti-6Al-4V implant was fabricated by electrical resistance sintering, using 480 F capacitance and 1.5 kJ input energy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the surface characteristics of the implant material before and after sintering. There were substantial differences in the content of O and N between as-received atomized Ti-6Al-4V powders and the sintered prototype implant, which indicates that electrical resistance sintering alters the surface composition of Ti-6Al-4V. Whereas the surface of atomized Ti-6Al-4V powders was primarily TiO2, the surface of the implant consisted of a complex of titanium oxides as well as small amounts of titanium carbide and nitride. It is proposed that the electrical resistance sintering process consists of five stages: stage I – electronic breakdown of oxide film and heat accumulation at the metal-oxide interface; stage II – physical breakdown of oxide film; stage III – neck formation and neck growth; stage IV – oxidation, nitriding, and carburizing; and stage V – heat dissipation. The fourth stage, during which the alloy repassivates, is responsible for the altered surface composition of the implant. |
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