中国钢铁工业生产能耗的发展与现状

过去十几年里,中国钢铁工业在保证产量快速增长的同时,也非常重视节能工作。2006—2018年间中国重点钢铁企业吨钢综合能耗下降14.0%,吨钢可比能耗下降21.0%。目前,中国钢铁工业产量快速增长阶段基本结束,处于转型升级阶段的钢铁工业未来如何进一步降低能耗是中国节能工作的重点。全面分析了目前处于转型期内中国钢铁企业能源利用情况,研究了过去多因素影响下各类能耗指标变化的原因,说明了目前中国钢铁企业的实际能源利用水平,并通过比较分析建议了中国钢铁工业未来的主要节能发展方向。此外,预测未来中国钢铁生产废钢比的上升将使企业间流程结构差异性逐渐加大,能耗数据将仅能提供有限的参考价值,研究科学、合理的钢铁企业能源利用水平评价方法应该引起重视。

Development and status of production energy consumption of China's iron and steel industry

In the past decades, China's iron and steel industry has attached great importance to energy saving on the basis of ensuring the production growth. From 2006 to 2018, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel decreased by 14.0%, and the comparable energy consumption per ton of steel decreased by 21.0% in key iron and steel enterprises in China. At present, the rapid growth stage of China's iron and steel industry has basically ended. In the transformation and upgrading stage, how to further reduce energy consumption of steel production is the focus of China's energy saving work. A comprehensive analysis on the energy utilization situation of China's steel enterprises is made, and the reasons for changes of energy consumption under the influence of multiple factors are studied, the actual energy utilization level of China's iron and steel enterprises is explained, and suggestions on energy saving development in the future are proposed. In addition, it is considered that, in the next few years, the increase of scrap ratio in China will gradually increase the difference of process structure among iron and steel enterprises, and the existing energy consumption indexes will only provide limited reference information. Therefore, it is necessary to study scientific and reasonable energy efficiency evaluation methods for iron and steel enterprises.