碳中和目标下的光伏发电技术

化石能源燃烧发电过程是我国CO₂排放的主要来源之一。在碳中和、碳达峰的“双碳”目标下，大力发展可再生能源等低碳或零碳能源体系，构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统，成为能源领域技术变革的战略方向，其中光伏发电是公认的我国未来可再生能源发电的主要方式之一。本文重点对我国光伏发电的开发现状、存在问题、关键技术、未来趋势及发展策略等进行简要论述，分别对晶硅太阳能电池、薄膜太阳能电池（硅基、砷化镓、铜铟镓硒、碲化镉）、钙钛矿太阳能电池、其他新型太阳能电池（有机、染料敏化、量子点）等关键技术进行了详细论述，以期为我国光伏发电产业的快速发展及高效安全的清洁能源新体系构建提供方向引导。

Photovoltaic technology under carbon neutrality

The present carbon dioxide emission of the electric power industry from fossil resource is one of the principal sources for carbon dioxide emission in our country. To realize carbon neutrality, the development and utilization of renewable energy has been the strategic direction for the reform in the energy field. It is imperative to take great efforts developing low carbon and zero carbon energy system like renewable energy and constructing a new energy-based electric power system. Photovoltaic power generation is one of the main ways for power generation of renewable energy. Here, the present situation and problems on the utilization of photovoltaic power generation, the key technologies, development tendency in future and related strategies are analyzed. The crystalline silicon solar cells, thin film solar cells (silicon, gallium arsenide, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride), perovskite solar cells and other new types of solar cells (organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, quantum dos solar cells) are stated in detail. These can provide scientific basis for the rapid development of photovoltaic industry and the construction of an efficient and safe new system of clean energy.