陶粒支撑剂的研究及应用进展

深层、低渗透、高闭合压力储层将是未来油气田水力压裂的主要区域，陶粒支撑剂因在水力压裂作业中起到支撑裂缝、提高导流率、增加油气产量的作用而备受关注。随着高品位铝矾土资源日渐枯竭，低铝质原料成为制备陶粒支撑剂的主要原料，目前主要包括低品位铝矾土、硅铝质固体废弃物以及其他材料。本文在总结大量文献的基础上，阐述了低铝质原料制备陶粒支撑剂所具有的优势以及存在强度不足的缺陷。之后针对这一问题，文章提出了覆膜增强和添加剂增强两种增强方式，系统讨论了预固化覆膜增强、可固化覆膜增强、液相助熔增强和畸化晶格增强对陶粒支撑剂强度的影响，总结出针对于不同原料制备、不同应用环境下的陶粒支撑剂最佳的增强方式。最后对陶粒支撑剂未来潜在发展方向进行了展望。

Progress in academic and application researches on ceramic proppant

Deep, low permeability and high closure pressure reservoir will be the main area of hydraulic fracturing in oil and gas fields in the future. Ceramic proppant has attracted much attention because of its role in supporting fractures, improving conductivity and increasing oil and gas production in hydraulic fracturing. With the depletion of high-grade bauxite resources, low alumina materials have become the main raw materials for the preparation of ceramic proppant. At present, it mainly includes low-grade bauxite, silicoaluminic solid waste and other materials. Based on a large number of literature, the advantages of ceramic proppant prepared from low aluminum materials and the defects of insufficient strength were described. In order to solve this problem, two kinds of strengthening methods were proposed: coating enhancement and additive enhancement. The effects of precuring, curable, liquid phase and distorted lattice on the strength of ceramic proppant were discussed. On this basis, the optimal reinforcement way of ceramic proppant for different raw material preparation and different application environment were summarized. Finally, the potential development direction of ceramic proppant in the future was prospected.