Alkaloidal responses to damage inNicotiana native to North America |
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Authors: | Ian T Baldwin Thomas E Ohnmeiss |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo, 14260-1300 Buffalo, New York |
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Abstract: | We performed field tests of alkaloid induction inNicotiana attenuata plants growing in southwestern Utah with mimicry of the two major types of damage inflicted by invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores: leaf damage and stalk removal, respectively. In undamaged plants, seasonal increases in leaf nicotine content occurred at a rate of 0.046% leaf dry mass/day. Leaf damage doubled the accumulation rate to 0.086–0.138% leaf dry mass/day, while stalk removal resulted in a quadrupling of the accumulation rate to 0.206% leaf dry mass/day. These damage-induced increases in nicotine accumulation are significantly larger than between-plant and phenological variations. Leaf damage to the nornicotine-(N. repanda andN. trigonophylla) and anabasine-accumulating (N. glauca)Nicotiana species native to North America resulted in 1.5- to 5-fold increases in their principal leaf alkaloid pools. We conclude that alkaloid induction is not limited to nicotine-accumulatingNicotiana species and that herbivores feeding on previously damaged plants are likely to encounter tissues with alkaloid titers significantly higher than those of undamaged plants. |
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Keywords: | Damage-induced responses Nicotiana attenuata Nicotiana repanda Nicotiana glauca Nicotiana trigonophylla nicotine nornicotine anabasine herbivory |
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