黄河流域水资源利用效率测度与评价

通过采用数据包络分析法(data envelopment analysis,DEA)和Malmquist指数,对黄河流域68个地级行政单元的水资源利用效率进行测算。结果表明:2017年黄河流域水资源利用效率达到DEA有效的地级行政单元有26个、非DEA有效的地级行政单元有42个;通过对42个非DEA有效行政单元的投入冗余测算,发现由于规模效率不高造成的有27个、技术效率低下造成的有15个。2009—2017年,黄河流域水资源利用效率呈现先上升、后下降、波动大的特点,水资源利用效率整体有所提升,且技术水平是影响其关键因素。从流域来看,2009—2017年黄河流域水资源全要素生产率(total factor productivity,TFP)指数的综合平均值为0.957;其中,下游地区的水资源利用效率最高,TFP指数为0.977;上游和中游地区次之,TFP指数分别为0.958和0.948。

Measurement and evaluation of water resources utilization efficiency in the Yellow River Basin

By using data envelopment analysis and Malmquist index, the water resources utilization efficiency of 68 administrative units in the Yellow River Basin was calculated. The results show that in 2017, there were 26 prefecture level administrative units with DEA efficiency and 42 prefecture level administrative units without DEA efficiency in the Yellow River Basin. By calculating the input redundancy of 42 administrative units without DEA efficiency, it is found that there are 27 due to low scale efficiency and 15 due to low technical efficiency. From 2009 to 2017, the utilization efficiency of water resources in the Yellow River Basin presents the characteristics of first rising, then falling, and big fluctuation. The overall utilization efficiency of water resources has been improved, and the technical level is the key factor. From the perspective of basin, the comprehensive average value of TFP index of water resources in the Yellow River Basin from 2009 to 2017 is 0. 957. Among them, the downstream has the highest water resources utilization efficiency, with TFP index of 0. 977, and the upper and middle reaches are next, with TFP index of 0. 958 and 0. 948, respectively.