基于红外卫星云图的台风中心自动定位方法研究

台风中心定位一般依靠气象专业人员采用人工手动方式进行，自动化程度不高，效率低。本文利用单幅红外台风云图，根据台风运动特征以及天气学诊断原理，建立了基于红外卫星云图的云运动矢量主方向提取方法；在此基础上，根据台风密闭云区近似为圆的几何形状，构建了以圆的几何特性为约束的台风中心自动定位最优目标函数，求得了解析解，实现了有眼和无眼台风的自动定位。用这种方法对2005年“海棠”台风多个时次的红外卫星云图进行了台风中心自动定位仿真。该方法的定位精度较高，可作为台风中心自动定位的良好技术手段。

Study of Automatic Location of Typhoon Center Based on IR Satellite Cloud Images

The typhoon center is usually located manually by meteorologists. This location method has a low degree of automation. According to the movement characteristics of typhoon and the meteorological analysis theory, a single infrared satellite cloud image is used to establish a method for extracting the dominant cloud movement vectors. On this basis, the optimal target function for locating the typhoon center automatically is set and resolved. The automatical location of the typhoon with an eye or without an eye is realized. The method is used to simulate the automatical location of the center of typhoon ``HAITANG' in several cloud images obtained in 2005. The result shows that this method has a high location accuracy and can be used as a good technical means for the automatical location of typhoon center.